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MS-SQL > Data Integrity - Constraints

µî·ÏÀÏ : 2017-07-03 19:32 Á¶È¸¼ö : 52,276


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  Constraints ¶ó´Â°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¸»·Î Á¦¾à Á¶°ÇÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´ä´Ï´Ù. ANSI Ç¥ÁØÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ ¹«°á¼º ¹æ¹ýÁß
  ÇϳªÀÌÁö¿ä.
  
  ÀÌ ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼­´Â Contraints¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¤ÀÇÇϸç Á¤Àǽà °í·ÁÇÒ »çÇ׵鿡´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ Àִ°¡¸¦ 
  »ìÆì º¸°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
  
  ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϽô MS_SQL¼­¹ö¿¡¼­´Â Constraints ¹æ¹ýÀº µðÆúÆ®,üũ,ÇÁ¶óÀ̸Ӹ® Å°, À¯´ÏÅ©,
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  Constraints¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â CREATE TABLE ¶Ç´Â ALTER TABLE ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇϸç Àû¿ëÄ÷³ÀÇ 
  
  ¼ö³ª  ¼±¾ð ¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Constraints¿Í Å×À̺í Constraints·Î ±¸ºÐÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. 
  
  1. CREATE TABLE ¹®¿¡¼­ ConstraintsÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ 
     
 
       
           CREATE TABLE table_name
           (
            { [{column_name data_type}[]][,...n]
            | 
            }[,...n]
	   )
	   
	   ::[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]
	   {
	    [NULL | NOT NULL]             
	    [DEFAULT constant_expression]
	    | [ {PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE}
	        [CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED]
	        [WITH FILLAFACTOR=fillfactor]
	        [ON {filegroup | DEFAULT}]]
	      ]
	    | [ [FOREIGN KEY]
	        REFERENCES ref_table[(ref_column)]
	        [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	      ]
	    | CHECK [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	      (logical_expression)
	   }
	   
	    ::[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]
	   {
	    [ {PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE}       
	      [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED]
	      {(column[,..n])}
	      [WITH FILLFACTOR=fillfactor]
	      [ON {FILLEGROUP | DEFAULT}]
	    ]
	    | FOREIGN KEY
	      [(column[,....n])]
	      REFERENCES ref_table[(ref_column[,..])]
	      [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	    | CHECK [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	      (search_conditions)
	   }  

	   
     Ä÷³ Constraints¿Í Å×À̺í Constraints´Â °ÅÀÇ °°À¸¸ç ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ±¸ºÐÀÌ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
 
       1) Ä÷³ Á¦¾àÀº ÇϳªÀÇ Ä÷³¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­¸¸ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â Á¦¾àÀ» Á¤ÈñÇÒ¶§ »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠÄ÷³ÀÇ 
          Á¤ÀÇ µÚ¿¡ °ð¹Ù·Î ¼±¾ðÇϸç, null°ª Çã¿ë¿©ºÎ, default,¿Í °°Àº Á¦¾à°ú ÇÔ²² Á¤Àǵ˴ϴÙ.
       2) Å×À̺í Á¦¾àÀº ÁÖ·Î Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ä÷³¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â Á¦¾àÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ƯÁ¤ Ä÷³°ú 
          µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀǵǹǷΠ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¦¾àÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â Ä÷³À» °ýÈ£¸¦ Ãļ­ ¸í½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 
             
     À§ÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀº ¾îÄÉ º¸¸é ¹«Àð°Ô º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¸é ±×¸® ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê°í
     °¢ Á¾·ùº° ConstraintsÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ÀÍÈ÷°Ô µÇ¸é ¾ÆÁÖ ½±°Ô ÀÀ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
     
    
   2. ALTER TABLE ¹®¿¡¼­ ConstraintsÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ 
     
  
       
           ALTER TABLE table
           {
             | ADD { column_name data_type []}[,...n]
             | [WITH CHECK | WITH NOCHECK] ADD
               {}[,...n]
             | DROP
               {[CONSTRAINT] constraint_name}[,..n]
             | {CHECK | NOCHECK} CONSTRAINT
               {ALL | constraint_name[,...n]}
            }      
           (
	   
	   ::[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]
	   {
	    [NULL | NOT NULL]             
	    [DEFAULT constant_expression]
	    | [ {PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE}
	        [CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED]
	        [WITH FILLAFACTOR=fillfactor]
	        [ON {filegroup | DEFAULT}]]
	      ]
	    | [ [FOREIGN KEY]
	        REFERENCES ref_table[(ref_column)]
	        [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	      ]
	    | CHECK [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	      (logical_expression)
	   }
	   
	    ::[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]
	   {
	    [ {PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE}       
	      [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED]
	      {(column[,..n])}
	      [WITH FILLFACTOR=fillfactor]
	      [ON {FILLEGROUP | DEFAULT}]
	    ]
	    | FOREIGN KEY
	      [(column[,....n])]
	      REFERENCES ref_table[(ref_column[,..])]
	      [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	    | CHECK [NOT FOR REPLICATION]
	      (logical_expression)
	   }  
   


      À§ÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀº ALTER TABLE¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Constraints¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÒ¶§ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹®¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
      ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ »çÇ×À» °í·ÁÇϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. 
        
        1) ALTER TABLE ¹®À» »ç¿ëÇϸé Å×À̺íÀ» º¯°æÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Constraints¸¦ Ãß°¡Çϰųª 
           º¯°æ,Á¦°ÅÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 
        2) Á¦¾àÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ¶§´Â Á¦¾àÀÇ À̸§À» ¸í½ÃÇϴ°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é 
           SQL ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ Constraints¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÒ¶§¸¶´Ù Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Áߺ¹µÇÁö ¾Ê°Ô²û ÀϺ¯¹øÈ£
           ¸¦ ºÙ¿©¼­ À̸§À» ¸¸µé°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ³ªÁß¿¡´Â ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â Èûµé¾î Áø´ä´Ï´Ù. 

      ¿À´ÃÀº °£´ÜÈ÷ ¹®¹ý¸¸À» Áý°í ³Ñ¾î °¬±¸¿ä... ´ÙÀ½½Ã°£ºÎÅÍ´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î Çϳª Çϳª Å×½ºÆ® 
      ÇÑ °á°ú°ú ÇÔ²² Á÷Á¢ °°ÀÌ ÇØ º¸¸é¼­ ÀÍÈ÷´Â °É·ç ÁøÇàÇØ ³ª°¡¾ß ÇÒµíÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 

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