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Windows Server > ¼­ºê³Ý ¸¶½ºÅ©(Subnet Mask)

µî·ÏÀÏ : 2017-06-30 12:25 Á¶È¸¼ö : 48,647

1. IP Address

TCP/IP Åë½ÅÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ IP Address ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. 
Telnet, FTPµîÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â     °¢°¢ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß Åë½ÅÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. 

2. IP Address Class

IP Address´Â ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© GroupÀÇ Å©±â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ A, B, C, D, EÀÇ 5Á¾·ùÀÇ Class·Î ³ª´«´Ù.
ÇϳªÀÇ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±×·ì¿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Class´Â AÀÌ°í, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀº È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â Class´Â C ÀÌ´Ù. 
ÇöÀç Ipv4¿¡¼­ °¢ IP´Â ÃÑ 32bit (4 byte)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¸ç, 8bit (1 byte)¸¶´Ù Á¡(period)À¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© ½ÊÁø¼ö 210.111.4.253 µîÀÇ 
Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. Class D´Â Multicast¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ´Â Ư¼öÇÑ Çü½ÄÀÇ IP Address·Î¼­ RFC 1112¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Class E ´Â ÇâÈÄ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿¹¾àµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, IP AddressÀÇ 32bit°¡ 11010010011011110000010000000001 (È£½ºÆ®´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀ̹ǷΠon-offÀÇ 2Áø¼ö¸¸ ÀνÄ)¶ó¸é °¢ ºñÆ®¸¦ 8bit·Î ³ª´©°í 11010010¸¦ 10Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯Çϸé 210, 01101111Àº 111, 00000100Àº 4, 00000001Àº 1À̹ǷÎ, 210.111.4.1·Î Ç¥ÇöµÈ´Ù.

IP AddressÀÇ 32bit Áß Ã³À½ 4ºñÆ®¸¦ ¹Ì¸® ¿¹¾àÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¢ Class¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇϸç, ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº ¹Ì¸® RFC¿¡¼­ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ °ªÀ̹ǷΠÀÓÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

°¢ Class´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

Class

óÀ½ 4bit

10Áø¼ö Ç¥±â

³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ bit¼ö

ÇÒ´ç°¡´É bit¼ö

A

0XXX

0.H.H.H~127.H.H.H

8 (7)

24

B

10XX

128.0.H.H~191.255.255.H.H

16(14)

16

C

110X

192.0.0.H~223.255.255.255.H

24(21)

8

D

1110

224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255

24bit ¿¬¼ÓÁ¤ÀÇ

E

1111

¹ÌÁ¤ÀÇ


³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ bit¼öÀÇ ( )ºÎºÐÀÇ °ªÀº ReservedµÇ¾î ÀÓÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â bit¼ö¸¦ »« ÇÒ´ç °¡´É bit¼ö ÀÌ´Ù. 
H´Â °¢ Class¿¡¼­ Á¤ÀÇÇϴ ȣ½ºÆ®(Host)     AddressºÎºÐÀ̸ç, ¾î¶² Class¶óµµ È£½ºÆ® Address bitºÎºÐÀ» 0À̳ª 1·Î ÇÏ´Â Address¸¦ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ Address·Î¼­ ¼³Á¤Çϰųª, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© AddressºÎºÐÀÇ bit¸¦ ¸ðµÎ 0À¸·Î ÇÏ´Â IP Address¸¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Address·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

IP Address

1 Byte

2 Byte

3 Byte

4 Byte

1.0.0.0

00000001

00000000

00000000

00000000

1.255.255.255

00000001

11111111

11111111

11111111

128.1.0.0

10000000

00000001

00000000

00000000

128.1.255.255

10000000

00000001

11111111

11111111

192.1.1.0

11000000

00000001

00000001

00000000



3. Subnet Masking
    
ÇöÀçÀÇ Ipv4ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â 32bit(4byte)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ã¾î³ª´Â Host¼ö¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸Å¿ì ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. 
ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâÀ§ÇØ IPÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¹öÀüÀÎ Ipv6°¡ Á¦Á¤µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 128bit·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇöÀçÀÇ Ipv4ÀÇ ºÎÁ· ¹× ´ÜÁ¡À» ÇØ°áÇÒ 
°ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù.

Subnet MaskingÀº °¢ IP AddressÀÇ Broadcasting ¹üÀ§¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. 

±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î LANÀÇ Åë½Å¹æ½ÄÀº BroadcastingÀ̹ǷΠSubnet MaskingÀ» ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ÇϳªÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Class¸¦ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Segment·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© IPÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ºÎÅÍ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î Subnet Masking ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æ º¸±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

ÇÑ°¡Áö ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÑ ³»¿ëÀº °¢ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ Ã³À½ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í ¸¶Áö¸· IPÁÖ¼Ò´Â Reserved µÈ ÁÖ¼Ò ¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 
±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. óÀ½ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â System     Address·Î¼­ Reserved µÇ¾ú°í, ¸¶Áö¸· IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â Broadcasting Address·Î¼­ ReservedµÇ¾î ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 210.111.4 (Subnet ÀÌ 255.255.255.0ÀÏ ¶§ 210.111.4.0 ~ 210.111.4.255±îÁöÀÇ ÀÇ Host ¼ö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò) ¶ó´Â C Class Çϳª¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì 210.111.4.1 ~ 210.111.4.254 ±îÁö ÇÒ´çÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, System AddressÀÎ 210.111.4.0 ¿Í BroadcastingÀÎ 210.111.4.255´Â Reserved µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. À̳»¿ëÀº Subnet MaskingÇÏ¿© °¢ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Segment¸¦ ºÐ¸®Çß´Ù°í ÇßÀ» ¶§ °¢ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Segment¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. 

ÇϳªÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© IP Segment¶õ Broadcasting Boundary¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ °¢ SegmentÀÇ Åë½Å ¹æ½ÄÀº BroadcastingÀÌ°í IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í Subnet Mask¸¦ ºÎ¿ï´ë¼ö(Boolean function) ·Î ANDÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¢ Segment¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î C Class 210.111.4.1 °ú 210.111.4.255°¡ °°Àº Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é 210.111.4.1 AND 255.255.255.0 °ú 210.111.4.2 AND 255.255.255.0 ´Â ¶È°°ÀÌ 255.255.255.0 À̹ǷΠ°°Àº ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÓÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

IP Address

1 Byte

2 Byte

3 Byte

4 Byte

210.111.4.1

11010010

01101111

00000100

00000001

210.111.4.254

11010010

01101111

00000100

11111111

255.255.255.0

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000


±×·¸´Ù¸é C Class 210.111.4 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ Subnet MaskingÇÏ¿© 2°³ÀÇ IP Segment·Î ³ª´«´Ù¸é, Broadcasting ¹üÀ§¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¼ö´Â ´Ã¾î³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¸»Àº SubnetÀ» 255.255.255.128·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀε¥ 210.111.4.0~210.111.4.255 ¿Í 255.255.255.128°ú ºÎ¿ï´ë¼ö·Î¼­ AND¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϸé 210.111.4.0~210.111.4.127±îÁö´Â 210.111.4.0ÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í 210.111.4.128~210.111.4.255±îÁö´Â 210.111.4.128À̶ó´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÊÀ¸·Î½á 210.111.4.0 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í 210.111.4.128 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© 2°³·Î ³ª´²Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ 2°³·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁö´Â ´ë½Å °¢°¢ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ È£½ºÆ® ¼ö´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù.
210.111.4.0 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â IP °³¼ö´Â 210.111.4.0 (System Address)¿Í 210.111.4.127 (Broadcasting Address)¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ 210.111.4.1~210.111.4.126ÀÌ°í, 210.111.4.128 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ IP °³¼ö´Â 210.111.4.128 (System Address)¿Í 210.111.4.255(Broadcasting Address)¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ 210.111.4.129~210.111.4.254±îÁö ÀÌ´Ù.
³×Æ®¿öÅ©¼ö°¡ ´Ã¸é, È£½ºÆ®¼ö°¡ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ °íÂûÇغ¸ÀÚ C Class¸¦ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, C Class¸¦ ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Segment·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ÇßÀ» ¶§ Subnet MaskÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· 8°³ bit´Â 00000000ÀÌ°í, 2°³ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ³ª´«´Ù°í Çϸé 10000000, 4°³·Î ³ª´«´Ù¸é 11000000ÀÌ´Ù ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °¢ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â 2ÀÇ ÀÚ½ÂÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼ö¸¦ ºÐÇÒ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸¸Å­ °¢ SegmentÀÇ IP ¼ö´Â ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 

Subnet Mask

2Áø¼ö

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼ö

³×Æ®¿öÅ©´ç È£½ºÆ® ¼ö

È£½ºÆ® ¹üÀ§

0

00000000

1

256

0 ~ 255

128

10000000

2

128

0~127

128~255

192

11000000

4

64

0~63

64~127

128~191

192-255

224

11100000

8

32

0~31

32~63

64~95

96~127

128~159

160~191

192~123

125~255

240

11110000

16

16

0~15

16~31

32~47

48~63

64~79

80~95

96~111

112~127

128~143

144~159

160~175

176~191

192~207

208~223

224~239

240~255

248

11111000

32

8

0~7

8~15

16~23

24~31

32~39

.

.

224~231

232~239

240~247

248~255

252

11111100

64

4

0~3

4~7

8~11

12~15

16~19

.

.

.

244~247

248~251

252~255


ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­ºê³Ý °è»êÀ» ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
C Class¸¦ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸¶Áö¸· 8bit¸¦ Subnet MaskingÇÏ¿© 4°³ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ³ª´©°í ½Í´Ù¸é, 4´Â 22 À§ ÷ÀÚ°¡ 2 À̹ǷΠ8bitÁß 2bit(22=4°³)´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÒ´çµÇ´Â bit¼öÀÌ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö 6bit(26=64°³)¸¸ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÒ´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ SubnetÀº 192(11000000)°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 2ÀÇ ÀÚ½ÂÀ¸·Î ³ª´©°Ô µÇÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ IP¼³°è´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â 2ÀÇ ¹è¼ö·Î¼­ ¼³°èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ 10°³·Î ³ª´©°í ½Í´Ù¸é, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Host¼ö¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ¿©, 8°³ÀÇ IP·Î ³ª´« ´ÙÀ½ ³ª´µ¾îÁø ³×Æ®¿öÅ©Áß 2°³¸¦ °¢°¢ ¹ÝÀ¸·Î ºÐÇÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 1°³ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ 4°³·Î ºÐÇÒÇÏ¿© ÃÑ 10°³ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ºÐÇÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 
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